Glossary of Terms

A Future Corporation Pty Ltd | ACN 078 538 002

This Glossary explains legal, technical and product terms used across the FC legal document suite (the Software License Agreement (EULA), the Terms and Conditions of Sale, the Privacy Policy, the Terms of Use, the Copyright Notice and related documents). It is provided for information and interpretive assistance only. It is not a contract and does not create, enlarge, reduce or alter any right or obligation. Where a term is defined in a governing legal agreement, the definition in that agreement prevails for the purposes of that agreement.

PART A — LEGAL AND LICENSING TERMS

Account / Account Holder: A unique registration established and administered by FC (or an authorised service provider acting on its behalf), and the person or entity responsible for that registration. See the Software License Agreement and the Terms and Conditions of Sale.

Authorised Channel Participant: An Authorised Dealer, manufacturer, OEM partner, distributor, reseller or other person expressly authorised in writing by FC to distribute, supply, promote or sell Software Licenses, or to provide specified first-line support, for the applicable edition of the Software. An Authorised Channel Participant may be the seller in a particular transaction but does not, merely by performing its authorised role, become the Licensor, an owner of the Software or its Intellectual Property, a warrantor or a general agent. See the Software License Agreement.

Authorised Dealer: A person or business approved and authorised by FC under a separate agreement to promote, sell and support the Software. See the Software License Agreement.

Authorised Party: An Authorised Channel Participant or Authorised Service Provider acting within the scope of a written authorisation issued by FC. A person does not, merely by being an Authorised Party, become the Licensor, an owner of the Software or its Intellectual Property, a warrantor, a seller or a general agent. See the Software License Agreement.

Authorised Service Provider: An independent contractor, processor, platform operator or other service provider expressly authorised by FC to perform specified operational, technical, licensing-administration, account, communications, data-processing, warranty-administration or support functions. It does not thereby become the Licensor, seller, warrantor or contractual provider of Technical Support. See the Software License Agreement.

Communications: The communications, documents, notices, product information, links, offers and disclosures that FC or an authorised service provider provides in connection with the Software, your Account and your use of FC’s services, as described in the Software License Agreement. Optional Communications are subject to the Opt-Out.

Content Files: The animations, artworks, samples, audio, charts, clipart, data, gradients, fonts, illustrations, images and similar content files supplied with or forming part of the Software, as defined in the Software License Agreement.

Corporate Logos: Logos, marks, motifs and registered trade marks referred to in Section 2.13 of the Software License Agreement. Their use is permitted only where you own the relevant Corporate Logo, hold all necessary authorisations from the lawful rights owner, or have another right of use under applicable law that cannot lawfully be excluded. Availability is addressed in Section 2.13.1 of that Agreement. See also the Trademarks page.

Customer Portal: The private, secure online gateway operated by or on behalf of FC providing Account Holders with access to services, account management, software downloads and license management.

Documentation: The printed and electronic materials accompanying or associated with the Software, including the Software License Agreement, help files, user guides, release notes and knowledgebase articles.

EULA / Software License Agreement: The Software License Agreement (also referred to as the End User License Agreement or EULA) between the end user and FC as Licensor, which exclusively governs the licensing and use of the Software.

FC: A Future Corporation Pty Ltd, ACN 078 538 002, of Victoria, Australia.

First user: The first person or entity to obtain a valid Software License for a given copy of the Software from FC. See the Software License Agreement.

Full License: An unrestricted version of the Software license sold without a prequalifying condition such as academic, student, teacher, a lower level, or an earlier version of the Software. A Full License does not of itself mean a Perpetual License; the applicable License Type and payment method are determined separately. See the Terms and Conditions of Sale.

Hardware Serial Number: The unique identifying number affixed to or embedded in a physical device supplied together with OEM Software, used to associate the OEM Software License with that device.

Install Code: A code used by the Software Protection Measures in the installation or activation of the Software. See the Software License Agreement.

Instalment Software: Software licensed under an arrangement in which the license fee is paid by instalments. The License is fully paid when all instalments have been paid; the applicable License Type then governs. See the Software License Agreement and the Terms and Conditions of Sale.

Intellectual Property: All intellectual property rights anywhere in the world, whether registered or unregistered, including copyright and related rights, patents, trade marks, service marks, trade names, business names, designs, circuit layout rights, database rights, rights in confidential information and trade secrets, and all applications for and rights to apply for any registrable rights. See the Software License Agreement.

License Type: The category and payment method of a Software License (for example Perpetual, Instalment, Subscription, Trial, Evaluation, Demonstration, OEM, Academic, Beta or SDK). See the Software License Agreement.

Licensor: FC. FC is the Licensor under the Software License Agreement and grants the Software License to the Licensee, whether the Software is supplied directly by FC or through an Authorised Channel Participant. See Section 1.3 of the Software License Agreement.

OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer): As the context requires: an entity that manufactures hardware with which Software is bundled; or a variation of the Software supplied exclusively with, and licensed for use with, particular hardware. See the Software License Agreement.

Opt-Out: An action by an Account Holder withdrawing consent to receive any specific or all optional Communications from FC, or withdrawing from optional Performance Reporting, to the extent permitted by the Privacy Policy and applicable law. See the Software License Agreement and the Privacy Policy.

Output File: A file produced by the Software for the operation of Output Hardware or for other output purposes, as defined in the Software License Agreement.

Performance Reporting: The secure collection, storage and periodic transmission to FC, or to an authorised service provider acting on its behalf, of statistical information produced by the Software when in use. A Performance Report may be associated with a license, device or account identifier and is handled in accordance with the Privacy Policy. Performance Reporting is optional and subject to the Opt-Out.

Permitted Number: The number of Computers on which the Software may be installed under the applicable Software License, as stated in the Software License Agreement.

Perpetual: A License Type under which the License to use the licensed version of the Software continues while the licensee complies with the Software License Agreement, without further License fee. A Perpetual License is supported for the Supported Period; after the Supported Period, the License to use the licensed version continues subject to the Software License Agreement, but that version is supplied on an “as is”, unsupported basis and continued technical operation is not guaranteed. See the Software License Agreement.

Product: The version of the Software licensed by FC under the Software License Agreement.

Product Life: The period during which a version of the Software is released for licensing and supported by FC, as described in the Software License Agreement. The end of Product Life does not shorten the Supported Period of an existing Perpetual License.

Product Serial Number (PSN): A unique identifying number used in the Software Protection Measures to identify a Software product and its associated Software License. It is distinct from any hardware identification number.

Sample File: A file supplied with or made available for the Software by or on behalf of FC for demonstration, training or sample purposes. See the Software License Agreement.

Software: The computer software (including its compiled code) licensed under the applicable Software License Agreement, including components, modules, updates and accompanying information files, as defined in that Agreement.

Software License: The license to use the Software granted by FC under the Software License Agreement.

Software License Number (SLN): A unique identifying number used in the Software Protection Measures to identify, activate and manage a Software License. It is distinct from any hardware identification number.

Software Product Number (SPN): A unique identifying number used in the Software Protection Measures to identify a Software product. See the Software License Agreement.

Software Protection Measures (SPM): The technical systems and processes implemented within or in connection with the Software to manage, validate and protect Software licensing. See the Software License Agreement.

Subscription Software: Software licensed on a recurring monthly, annual or other periodic basis, including fixed-term prepaid arrangements. See the Software License Agreement.

Supplier: A person or business that provides FC with goods, intellectual property, services, technology or other resources used in developing, licensing, operating, distributing or supporting the Software.

Supported Period: The period of five (5) years from the date the licensed version of the Software is first publicly released, during which a Perpetual License receives reasonable support and maintenance Updates in accordance with the Software License Agreement.

Technical Support: Assistance provided by or on behalf of FC for identifying and attempting to remedy Software errors or defects. It excludes training, consulting and support for third-party hardware or software. See Section 5 of the Software License Agreement.

Update: A component of the Software designed to update, modify, repair or improve the licensed version, addressing problems identified with the Software. An Update remains governed by the existing licensed version’s Software License Agreement, as described in that Agreement.

Upgrade: The complete replacement of the Software with a newer version, which may be licensed under additional terms disclosed before installation. See the Software License Agreement.

Validation: The process by which the Software Protection Measures confirm the integrity and authenticity of a Software License. Validation of a compliant Perpetual License does not deprive the licensee of the use of the licensed version. See the Software License Agreement.

Volume License: A Software License granted by FC covering multiple installations, as described in the Software License Agreement.

Written Notice: A written communication delivered to the intended recipient, including by email, prepaid post, courier or hand delivery to the recipient’s last known address.

PART B — TECHNICAL AND PRODUCT TERMS

The following technical and product terms are provided as objective explanations of industry terminology used in the Software, the Documentation and related materials. They are informational only.

Accent: A modifying mark on a character. For example, the accent marks in Latin script (acute, tilde, and ogonek) and the tone marks in Thai. Synonymous with diacritic.

Aliasing: A technique usually used for displaying bitmap files.

Alpha Channel: A portion of each pixel’s data that is reserved for transparency information. The alpha channel is an 8-bit channel, which means it has 256 levels of grey from 0 (black) to 255 (white). White acts as the visible area; black acts as the transparent area.

Alpha-blending: A convex combination of two colours allowing for transparency effects. The value of alpha in the colour code ranges from 0.0 to 1.0, where 0.0 represents a fully transparent colour, and 1.0 represents a fully opaque colour.

Animated GIF: Animation saved as a graphic interchange format file i.e. a graphic image that moves.

Animation: Movement created by combining images.

Anti-alias: The blending of pixel colours on the perimeter of hard-edged shapes, like text, to smooth undesirable edges.

Arabic numerals: The characters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 0. Contrast with Chinese numerals, Hindi numerals, and Roman numerals.

Arabic script: A cursive script used in Arabic countries. Other writing systems such as Latin and Japanese also have a cursive handwritten form, but usually are typeset or printed in discrete letter form. Arabic script has only the cursive form, and is also used for Urdu, (which is spoken in Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India), Farsi or Persian (which is spoken in Iran, Iraq, and Afghanistan).

Ascender: Any part of a lower case character which extends above the X-height.

ASCII: “American Standard Code for Information Interchange.” A standard 7-bit character set used for information interchange. ASCII encodes the basic Latin alphabet and punctuation used in American English, but does not encode the accented characters used in many European languages.

Banner: (1) Header or title of magazine or periodical publication and a Web page. Graphical advertisements are placed in banners on web sites, or (2) A flexible substrate (e.g. canvas) used to make a sign usually on a temporary basis.

Baseline: A conceptual line with respect to which successive characters are aligned.

Bevel: (1) A process of giving a raised appearance by using highlighting colours and shadows, or (2) A mathematical process of outlining and mitering a vector object to give a raised appearance.

Bidirectional (1): A communication standard between a computer and a device to send and receive packets of data.

Bidirectional (2): Languages such as Arabic, Hebrew, and Yiddish whose general flow of text proceeds horizontally from right to left, but numbers, English, and other left-to-right language text are written from left to right.

Bit-mapped (mode): The Paint graphics mode describes an image made of pixels where the pixel is either on (black) or off (white).

Bitmap image or graphic: A graphic image stored as specific pattern of dots to form a picture when viewed from a distance.

Black (font): A font that has more weight than the bold version of a typeface.

Blackletter (font): A Gothic (middle-ages) font style.

Bleed: Extending the colours, background or objects outside (beyond) the defined page border or graphic by a set distance which is printed (usually on over-sized media/paper). The additional area that has been printed is then trimmed to the original or final page size.

Block quote: A long quotation – four or more lines – within body text, that is set apart in order to clearly distinguish the author’s words from the words that the author is quoting.

Block shadow: A mathematical process of giving an extruded appearance in 3D to a vector object.

Body type: Roman – normal, plain, or book – type used for long passages of text, such a stories in a newsletter, magazine, or chapters in a book. Generally sized from 9 point to 14 point.

Browser: Software for accessing, viewing and managing web pages.

Byline: In newsletter/magazine layout, a credit line for the author of an article.

Cap height: In typography, the distance from the baseline to the top of the capital letters.

Caption: An identification (title) for an illustration, usually a brief phrase. The caption should also support other content.

Cast Shadow: A mathematical process of giving the appearance of a naturally cast shadow in 3D from a single light source (usually the Sun) to a vector object.

Character: Any letter, figure, punctuation, symbol or space (whether visible or not).

Character set: A collection of characters in which a numeric code is assigned to each character so that it can be represented on a computer.

Chinese numerals: Chinese characters that represent numbers. For example, the Chinese characters for 1, 2, and 3 are written with one, two, and three horizontal brush strokes, respectively.

Clipart: Raster or Vector based objects that form graphic art.

Code page: A synonym for character set.

Collation: Text comparison using language-sensitive rules as opposed to bitwise comparison of numeric character codes.

Colour spacing: Achieving a pleasing appearance after the line has been set normally.

Computer Related typeface: A structured typeface that does meet standard typography conventions such as serif or sans serif which has a computer based aspect.

Cookie: A small data file that a website may store on a visitor’s device to retain settings or session state between visits. See the applicable Privacy Policy for the website operator’s position on the use of cookies.

Crop marks: On a mechanical, horizontal and vertical lines that indicate the edge of the printed piece.

Cropping: For artwork, cutting out the extraneous parts of an image, usually a photograph.

Cursive script: A script whose adjacent characters touch or are connected to each other. For example, Arabic script is cursive.

Decorative typeface: A structured typeface that does meet standard typography conventions such as serif or sans serif.

Descender: In typography, the part of the letterform that dips below the baseline; usually refers to lowercase letters and some punctuation, but some typefaces have uppercase letters with descenders.

Diacritic: A modifying mark on a character. For example, the accent marks in Latin script (acute, tilde, and ogonek) and the tone marks in Thai. Synonymous with accent.

Dingbat typeface: A typeface made up of non-alphabetic marker characters, such as arrows, asterisks, encircled numbers.

Discretionary hyphen: A hyphen that appears only if the word falls at the end of a line and requires hyphenation.

Display type: Large and/or decorative type used for headlines and as graphic elements in display pieces. Common sizes are 14, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48, 60, and 72 point.

Dither: For digital halftones, the creation of a flat bitmap by turning dots on or off. All dots are the same size; there are simply more of them in dark areas and fewer in light areas.

Dongle: A physical hardware security or license device connected to, or used with, a computer or compatible device and interrogated by Software to verify authorisation, licensing or access rights. A dongle may use USB or another supported hardware interface.

Double-byte Character Set (DBCS): A legacy term for character-encoding systems in which some characters are represented using two bytes, historically used for large character sets such as Chinese, Japanese and Korean. The term is often used interchangeably with MBCS (multibyte character set). Modern systems commonly use Unicode and variable-length encodings such as UTF-8 or UTF-16.

DPI (dots per inch): Dots per inch. A measure commonly used to describe the density of output dots produced by a printer or other imaging device. Higher DPI can permit finer output detail, although perceived quality also depends on the device, imaging process, media and source artwork.

Drop shadow: Drop shadows are those shadows dropping below text or images which gives the illusion of shadows from lighting and gives a 3D effect to the object.

Duotone: A halftone image printed with two colours, one dark and the other light. The same photograph is half-toned twice, using the same screen at two different angles; combining the two improves the detail and contrast.

Egyptian type: Originally, from 1815 on, bold face with heavy slabs or square serifs.

Em space: A space as wide as the point size of the types. This measurement is relative; in 12-point type an em space is 12 points wide, but in 24-point type an em space is 24 points wide.

Emboss: Embossing a graphic image adds dimension to it by making the image appear as if it were carved as a projection from a flat background.

En space: A space half as wide as the type is high (half an em space)

Encoding Scheme: A set of specific definitions that describe the philosophy used to represent character data. Examples of specifications in such a definition are: the number of bits, the number of bytes, the allowable ranges of bytes, maximum number of characters, and meanings assigned to some generic and specific bit patterns.

Expanded (font): A font in which the set widths of the characters are wider than in the standard typeface. (Note: not the inter character space – that is accomplished through letter spacing – but the characters themselves).

Export: Exporting allows the user to save the file in another format to be opened in other programs.

Extended type: Typefaces that are abnormally wide horizontally.

Feather: A process of applying a blur to an image. This process gradually dissolves the area of the image on which the feather is applied.

Folio: A page number, often set with running headers or footers.

Font: A set of graphic characters that have a characteristic design, or a font designer’s concept of how the graphic characters should appear. The characteristic design specifies the characteristics of its graphic characters. Examples of characteristics are shape, graphic pattern, style, size, weight, and increment.

Forms: Source of collecting information from the viewer or user.

Four-colour process: The printing process that reproduces colours by combining, cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK). Six colour is usually the addition of light cyan and magenta to improve colour tones and enhance definition.

Galleys: In traditional publishing, the type set in long columns, not laid out on a page. In desktop publishing, galleys can be printed out using a page-assembly program, for proofreading and copy fitting purposes.

GIF: Graphics Interchange Format. A raster image format supporting a palette of up to 256 colours per frame, together with simple animation and transparency. GIF uses lossless compression; its limited colour palette makes it less suitable for detailed photographic images than modern photographic image formats.

Glyph: The actual shape (bit pattern, outline) of a character image. For example, an italic “A” and a roman “A” are two different glyphs representing the same underlying character. Strictly speaking, any two images that differ in shape constitute different glyphs. In this usage, glyph is a synonym for character image, or simply image.

GMT: Greenwich mean time. In the 1840s the standard time kept by the Royal Greenwich Observatory located at Greenwich, England was established for all of England, Scotland, and Wales, replacing many local times in use in those days. Subsequently GMT became the official time reference for the world until 1972 when it was subsumed by the atomic clock-based coordinated universal time (UTC). GMT is also known as universal time.

Gradient: A gradual transition between two or more colours, used to fill an object or background.

Graphic design: Visual representation of an idea or concept. The term is used as a collective name for all activities relating to visual design, including web design, logo design etc.

Greeked text: In page-assembly programs, text that appears as grey bars approximating the lines of type rather than actual characters. This speeds up the amount of time it takes to draw images on the screen (rarely used anymore due to the advent of faster computers).

Greyscale: A colour mode using black, white and intermediate shades of grey.

GUI: Graphic User Interface. An interface that allows the user to interact with a computer using graphics, pictures and icons.

Gutter: In double-sided documents, the combination of the inside margins of facing pages; the gutter should be wide enough to accommodate binding.

Halftone: A tone that is halfway between highlight and dark shadow. The tones are broken up by fine screen into different sizes of dots.

Handwritten typeface: A typeface that does not necessarily meet standard typography conventions, designed to resemble handwriting.

Hangul: The Korean alphabet that consists of fourteen consonants and ten vowels. Hangul was created by a team of scholars in the 15th century at the behest of King Sejong.

Head: Line on the top of the body of content which is in big and bold fonts.

Hexadecimal: A number system used for web colours. The first six numbers used in this 16 based numbering system are 0-9 and the next 5 are A-F.

Hiragana: A Japanese phonetic syllabary. The symbols are cursive or curvilinear in style.

Hue: The actual colour of an object. Hue is measured as a location on a colour wheel.

Ideographic language: A writing system whose written characters generally represent words, morphemes or meaningful units rather than individual alphabetic sounds (also described as logographic). Chinese writing is a principal example of a predominantly logographic writing system.

Interlace: A technique of retrieving images in different stages, with rough image appearing first and gradually getting more refined.

Italic: Fonts with a tilt to the right. (Italic)

Jamo: A set of consonants and vowels used in Korean Hangul. The word jamo is derived from ja, which means consonant, and mo, which means vowel.

JPG/JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group, file format to store and retrieve images.

Kanji: Chinese characters or ideograms used in Japanese writing. The characters may have different meanings from their Chinese counterparts.

Katakana: A Japanese phonetic syllabary used primarily for foreign names and place names and words of foreign origin. The symbols are angular, while those of Hiragana are cursive. Katakana is written left to right, or top to bottom.

Kern: To bring together characters, for a better fit of strokes and white space. In display type, characters often need to be kerned because the white space between characters at large sizes is more noticeable.

Kicker: A brief phrase or sentence lead-in to a story or chapter; usually set smaller than the headline or chapter title, but larger than text type.

Knockout: In printing, when one colour is to be printed immediately adjacent to another colour; actually they are printed with a slight overlap.

Landscape: Width-wise orientation of a document, in which the width is greater than the height.

Language: With respect to engravers, vinyl cutters, plotters, printers and related devices, a command or communication format used by Software to send instructions to compatible Output Hardware (sometimes called an emulation). Examples include HPGL, DMPL, G-code and proprietary device protocols; not every protocol is supported by every product.

Lap register: Used with knockouts, images of different colours are slightly overlapped, to avoid the appearance of a white line between the two inks.

Leader: A line of dots or dashes to lead the eye across the page to separated copy.

Leading: (pronounced “led-ding”) the space between lines of type, traditionally measured baseline-to-baseline, in points.

Legacy: Any version of software that has been subsequently superseded by a newer version.

Letterforms: In typography, the shapes of the characters.

Logotype: A symbol, mark, or identifying name. Commonly known as a logo, is the graphic element of a trademark or brand, which is set in a special typeface/font, or arranged in a particular, but legible, way. The shape, colour, typeface, etc. should be distinctly different from others in a similar market.

Lowercase: The small alphabetic characters, whether accented or not, as distinguished from the capital alphabetic characters. The concept of case applies to alphabets such as Latin, Cyrillic, and Greek, but not to Arabic, Hebrew, Thai, Japanese, Chinese, Korean, and many other scripts.

MBCS: Multibyte Character Set. A legacy term for character-encoding systems in which characters are represented by one or more bytes. Modern systems commonly use Unicode and variable-length encodings such as UTF-8 or UTF-16.

Mezzotint: For a halftone, a special screen that produces connected, dusty-looking dots.

Multilingual: An application that can simultaneously display and process text in multiple languages.

Multimedia: The combined use of video, audio, imagery, animation and interactive content.

Negative space: In design, the space where the target in artwork isn’t, often the background; in a publication, the parts of the page not occupied by type or graphics.

Nested stories: In newsletter/magazine layout, stories run in multiple columns at different column depths.

Novelty typeface: A typeface that does not necessarily meet standard typography conventions, designed for decorative or novelty display use.

Object-oriented (mode): Draw graphics mode. A set of algorithms describe graphic form in abstract geometrical terms, as object primitives.

Outline: The outer edge of text or graphic.

Pantone matching system: The Pantone matching system is used for specifying and blending match colours. It provides designers with swatches of over 700 colours and gives printers the recipes for making those colours.

Pica: A measurement used in typography for column widths and other space specifications in a page layout. There are 12 points in a pica, and approximately 6 picas to an inch.

Pinyin: A system to phonetically render Chinese ideograms in a Latin alphabet.

Pixel (picture element): The smallest unit that a device can address. Most often refers to display monitors, a pixel being the smallest spot of phosphor that can be lit up on the screen.

PNG: Portable Network Graphics. Bitmapped image format that employs lossless data compression. The PNG format displays images without jagged edges while keeping file sizes relatively small, making them popular on the web.

Point: A measurement used in typography for type size, leading, and other space specifications in a page layout.

Posterisation: For a halftone, the reduction of the number of grey scales to produce a special, high-contrast effect.

PPI: Pixels per inch. A measure of pixel density in a digital image or display context. The practical effect of a PPI value depends on the physical display size, output size and device on which the image is viewed or reproduced. PPI describes pixel density and should not be confused with DPI, which describes output-dot density.

Preflight check: A program or process used to identify missing fonts, embedded graphics, bad traps and similar problems in a document before final output.

Printer font: High-resolution bitmaps or font outline masters used for the actual laying down of the characters on the printed page, as opposed to display on the screen.

Process colour separation: In commercial printing, used for reproduction of colour photographs. The various hues are created by superimposition of halftone dots of the process colours: cyan (a greenish blue), magenta (a purplish red), yellow, and black.

Resolution: The crispness of detail or fineness of grain in an image. Screen resolution is commonly expressed in pixel dimensions (for example, 1920 x 1080); printer resolution is expressed in dots per inch (DPI).

Reverse: A method used in printing where background colour is generally black colour or where background becomes inked and the image and lettering appears in the colour of the paper.

Reverse Fill: A solid shape in an off-white colour so that it may be viewed over and above any other shapes that are of the same colour behind it, making it otherwise impossible to see.

RGB: An additive colour model in which red, green, and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colours.

Run-around: Type that is set to fit the contour of an illustration, photo, ornament or initial.

Run-in heading: A heading set on the same line as the text, usually in bold or italic type.

Running heads/feet: Titles (often accompanied by page numbers) set at the top/bottom of text pages of a multi-paged publication.

Sans Serif Typeface: A typeface that does not have the small features called “serifs” at the end of strokes. The term comes from the Latin word “sine”, via the French word sans, meaning “without”.

Saturation: Intensity of colour. It refers to the degree of difference from grey. High saturation will appear to be bright and low saturation will appear dull.

Script: A set of characters used to write a particular set of languages. For example, the Latin (or Roman) script is used to write English, French, Spanish, and most other European languages; the Cyrillic script is used to write Russian and Serbian.

Serif: A typeface has semi-structural details on the ends of some of the strokes that make up letters and symbols. A typeface that has serifs is called a serif typeface (or seriffed typeface).

Solarisation: Over exposure that results in reversal of a photographic image.

Spot Colour: Refers to the use of solid colour usually defined as a Lab colour or a separate and printable ink channel.

Strong Encryption: A method of data encryption that is less susceptible to having its key discovered by a third party through what is commonly referred to as brute force attack, hacking or cracking.

Tags: A set of characters used in the mark up language for providing formatting information of a document.

Template: A document that can be changed or customised and saved with a new name without affecting the original document.

Text wrap: A feature that sets paragraph text to physically wrap around the perimeter of another object with or without an offset.

TIFF (Tagged Image File Format): For digital grey-scale halftones, a device-independent graphics file format. TIFF files can be used on IBM/compatible or Macintosh computers, and may be output to PostScript printers.

Type alignment: The distribution of white space in a line of type where the characters at their normal set width do not fill the entire line length exactly. Type maybe aligned left, right, centred, or right-justified.

Type families: A group of typefaces of the same basic design but with different weights and proportions.

Typeface: The set of characters created by a type designer, including uppercase and lowercase alphabetical characters, numbers, punctuation, and special characters. A single typeface contains many fonts, at different sizes and styles.

Vector: A scalable shape generated from mathematical descriptions that determine its position, length and direction(s).

Weight: The thickness of a letter stroke: light, extra-light, regular, book, demi-bold, bold, extra bold and so on.

White space: In publication design, the areas where there is no text or graphics.

Widow: In a page layout, a short last line of a paragraph, usually regarded as unacceptable and to be avoided.

X: One of the three CIE tristimulus values; the red primary.

x-height: The height of the lowercase “s.” Sometimes referred to as “body height.” More generally, the height of the lowercase letters.

Y: One of the three CIE tristimulus values; equal to the luminous reflectance or transmittance ; the green primary

Z: One of the three CIE tristimulus values; the blue primary.

Z-Order: The relative stacking order of objects between each other (above and below).